WHAT IS A CONCUSSION?

A concussion arises from a traumatic brain injury that occurs from a sudden, unexpected impact directed at the head. As a result, the brain contained within the cranial vault, shifts backwards and forwards violently.

Typical symptoms of a concussion include the following:

• Feeling dazed often.
• Incoherent speech.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Migraines.
• Hazy vision.
• Noise sensitivity.
• Lethargy.
• Behaving out of character.
• Delayed thinking patterns.
• Trouble sleeping.

WHY DOES A CONCUSSION OCCUR?

The term “concussion" originates from the Latin word “Concutere," which translates to "to shake violently," which is exactly how a concussion occurs. The brain is comprised of soft tissue enclosed in a protective shell (the cranium). An unexpected bump or jolt of the head can shake the brain, resulting in a concussion.

A concussion may occur for numerous reasons related to the following:

• Low velocity impact from a motor vehicle accident.
• Falls
• Assaults
• Head blows from contact sport

HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE A CONCUSSION?

To diagnose a concussion, Dr Matshitse reviews your symptoms, assesses your health status, and conducts a series of diagnostic tests, such as a cognitive test, neurological exam and series of diagnostic tests.

HOW DO YOU TREAT A CONCUSSION?

Treatment for a concussion occurs in stages, which helps heal the brain and enables a faster return to routine activities. A neurosurgeon is equipped with the skills to personalise treatments to manage a concussion better. Symptoms of a concussion resolve in a matter of several days to months.

Typical treatments for concussions include the following:

• Pain relief medication to help treat headaches.
• Drinking plenty of fluids reduces the risk of dehydration.
• Avoid engaging in strenuous physical activities and sports.
• Allowing the brain to rest by taking a break from draining mental activities.
• Collaborating with other health providers such as psychologist, neurologist and occupational therapists.

Dr Matshitse will formulate a comprehensive treatment based on a thorough medical evaluation.

A comprehensive neurological exam consists of a series of bed side tests for vision, hearing, sensation, cognition, strength, balance, coordination and natural reflexes.