WHAT IS NECK AND BACK PAIN?

Back or neck pain is a significant discomfort of the affected body region, often sudden and short-lived or however, it may be persistent. It can be described by the sufferer as mild, moderate or severe, affecting mobility, daily functioning and quality of life. Neck pain develops in a region of the spine referred to as the cervical vertebrae. Due to its location and flexibility, the neck carries and supports the head and is vulnerable to sprain, strain and muscle spasm.

Back pain can be a mild ache in the back muscles or an intense pain across the lower back and spreading down the leg. This might worsen when lifting heavy objects, standing or walking.

WHY DOES NECK AND BACK PAIN OCCUR?

Back and neck pain can occur for various reasons related to strenuous activity, overuse, heavy lifting, traumatic injuries, fractures, degenerative diseases affecting the vertebrae, infections, tumours, ligament and muscle tears, arthritis and herniated discs.

HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE NECK AND BACK PAIN?

If you the neck and pack pain is persistent you see your doctor for a thorough medical evaluation and physical exam. Afterwards, Dr Matshitse carries out an X-ray or MRI of the affected areas, which enables a clear view of the region. An MRI creates detailed images of the soft tissues (blood vessels, tendons and ligaments) whereas the x-rays mostly show the bones and the alignment. Dr Matshitse may decide to conduct an MRI to diagnose inflammation, the presence of a tumour or infection, intense and asses for any pressure on the spinal cord / nerves.

HOW DO YOU TREAT NECK AND BACK PAIN?

Fortunately, acute neck or back pain can be relieved with rest and pain medication. However, if it persists (chronic) or worsens and/or travels down the leg or arm, you should consult a GP or spine surgeon. The following may be considered:

Conservative treatments:

• Hot and cold applications, as suggested by your doctor
• Strength training exercises to relieve pain and improve mobility of the neck and back
• Anti-inflammatories, as advised by your doctor
• Bracing to support the neck or back
• Nerve block to reduce pain signals from the targeted nerve

Surgery depends on the cause of neck and back pain. However, depending on your diagnosis, your neurosurgeon may decide to perform the following:

• A laminectomy is a surgical procedure that involves resecting tissue and bone spurs commonly associated with arthritis. This prompts the surgical removal of the back part of the vertebra (the lamina). A laminectomy aims to increase the space in the spinal canal in order to reduce pressure on the nerves and/or spinal cord.
• Spinal fixation and fusion is a procedure that involves conjoining vertebrae in the neck or back to help stabilise the affected region.
• Discectomy entails the surgical resection of a damaged or leaked spinal disc.